Production technology of cosmetic glass bottles

u0026#;How is glass produced? The glass production process includes batching, melting, forming, annealing and other processes. Introduce the following ingredients respectively. According to the designed ingredient list, weigh the various ingredients and mix them evenly in a mixer. The main raw materials of glass are quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid and so on. u0026#; u0026#;

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Melting, heat the prepared raw materials at high temperature to form a uniform and bubble-free glass liquid. This is a very complicated physical and chemical reaction process. The melting of the glass takes place in the furnace. There are two main types of melting furnaces. One is the crucible furnace. The glass frit is contained in the crucible and heated outside the crucible. The small crucible kiln only puts one crucible, and the large one can have as many as one crucible. Crucible kilns are produced in gaps, and optical glass and colored glass are now produced in crucible kilns. The other is a tank kiln, where the glass frit is melted in the kiln, and an open flame is heated on the upper part of the glass surface. The melting temperature of glass is mostly ~゜C. Most of them are heated by flames, and some are heated by electric current, which are called electric melting furnaces. At present, tank kilns are produced continuously. Small tank kilns can be several meters long, and large ones can be as large as several meters.
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Forming is to transform the molten glass into a solid product with a fixed shape. Forming can only be carried out within the temperature range. This is a cooling process. The glass first changes from a viscous liquid state to a plastic state, and then into a brittle solid state. Forming methods can be divided into two categories: artificial forming and mechanical forming. Artificially shaped. There is also blowing, using a nickel-chromium alloy blow tube, pick a group of glass in the mold while blowing. Mainly used to form glass bubbles, bottles, balls (for scratching glasses), etc. After drawing, after blowing into small bubbles, another worker sticks it with the top plate, and the two blowing and pulling are mainly used to make glass tubes or rods. To press, pick a ball of glass, cut it with scissors to make it fall into the concave mold, and then press it with a convex mold. Mainly used to form cups, plates, etc. Free forming, after picking materials, use pliers, scissors, tweezers and other tools to directly make crafts. Mechanical forming. Because of the high labor intensity, high temperature and poor conditions of artificial forming, most of them have been replaced by mechanical forming except for free forming. In addition to pressing, blowing, and drawing, mechanical forming also includes calendering, which is used to produce thick flat glass, cut glass, and metal wire glass. Casting method to produce optical glass. Centrifugal casting method is used to manufacture large-diameter glass tubes, utensils and large-capacity reaction pots. This is to inject the glass melt into a high-speed rotating mold. The centrifugal force makes the glass adhere to the mold wall, and the rotation continues until the glass hardens. Sintering method, used to produce foam glass. It is made by adding foaming agent to glass powder and heating it in a metal mold with a lid. During the heating process, the glass forms many closed bubbles. This is a good thermal and sound insulation material. In addition, the forming of flat glass includes vertical pull method, flat drawing method and float method. Float method is a method of letting the glass flow float on the surface of molten metal (tin) to form flat glass. Its main advantages are high glass quality (flat, smooth), fast drawing speed, and large output.


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Annealing, the glass undergoes drastic temperature changes and shape changes during the forming process, and this change leaves thermal stress in the glass. Such thermal stress will reduce the strength and thermal stability of the glass product. If it is directly cooled, it is likely to rupture on its own during the cooling process or later during storage, transportation and use (commonly known as the cold burst of glass). In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold burst, the glass product should be annealed after being formed. Annealing is to keep the temperature in a certain temperature range or slowly cool down for a period of time to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in the glass to the allowable value.