Lotion

Lotion is a kind of liquid cream skin care product, because it looks pure and white like milk, it is called lotion. The lotion has a good emollient effect and moisturizing effect. It is especially suitable for dry spring and autumn. If the skin is normal, it can also be used in winter. When used in spring and autumn, in addition to moisturizing and moisturizing effects, it can also isolate the outside dry climate, prevent the skin from losing too much moisture, and prevent the skin from cracking and peeling. It is a must-use skin care product when going out in the dry season.

As a skin care product, the biggest feature of lotion is its high water content, which can instantly moisturize the skin and add moisture to dry skin. In addition, the emulsion can form a light and breathable protective film on the surface of the skin, which can prevent moisture loss and has an excellent moisturizing effect. Therefore, compared with the pure hydrating lotion, the lotion is more suitable for use in the dry season. In addition, the oil in the lotion is more moisturizing than water. So no matter whether the skin is dehydrated or dry skin, lotion is a good choice.

How to use the lotion: Pour an appropriate amount of lotion into your palm first, and start applying it on the cheeks or around the eyes that are prone to dryness on your face. Spread gently along the muscles. You can apply more on dry skin, and less on the 't'-shaped area. If you apply too much or oily skin, you can press it gently with facial tissue to absorb excess oil. The choice of emulsion is also very important. Pour the emulsion into your hands and add an appropriate amount of water. If the lotion is easily mixed with water, it means it is easy to wash, the texture of the lotion is soft, and it will not harm the skin.

In addition to emulsion cosmetics, emulsions are also used in chemical, construction and other production industries, namely industrial emulsions.



Practical articles
As a moisturizing skin care product, lotion is more convenient to use than lotion in addition to its effect. In the dry season, if the skin loses moisture too quickly, you can carry the lotion with you and use it anytime.

The order of application is first and second

The lotion is not to be applied to the entire face at the same time, but to apply where it is the driest. If you have not used eye cream, apply it to the eye area first, then the cheeks, the sides of the mouth, the upper and lower jaws, etc., after applying these parts Then apply to the whole face, so that these dry parts get double moisture. If you have already used eye cream, just apply eye cream directly around your eyes.

Use the power of your fingers when applying

Applying lotion is neither with the palm of your hand nor your fingertips, but with the power of your fingertips. The power of your fingertips is moderate and elastic, and the skin feels the most comfortable.

Massage gently to push away

Applying lotion should be combined with massage action, which is more conducive to skin absorption. Massage gently from the center of the face outwards until it is completely absorbed by the skin.

Different skin types

Most of the lotion is designed for dry skin, but if the lotion is marked as 'refreshing type', it means that its oil content will be less and it is more suitable for mixed or oily skin.

Use different lotions in the morning and evening

The needs of our skin are different in the morning and evening. The lotion used during the day must take into account the factors of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, it is recommended to choose a protective lotion with UV effect; at night, the skin will automatically enter the repair stage, so you might as well choose whitening, moisturizing, A lotion for repairing and other functions.

Increase usage when tired

Generally speaking, the amount of lotion used will not exceed the amount of lotion, about the size of a dime coin. But if sometimes you feel very tired or dull skin, it means that your skin needs more moisture and nutrients. At this time, you should increase the amount of use and use two to three coin-sized amounts to get more skin. Moisture and nutrition.

Lotion cannot replace lotion

No matter how much moisturizing lotion, lotion or lotion you put on, it only temporarily moisturizes the skin. It is almost impossible to keep the moisture of the lotion in the skin. Only by using lotion can the moisture be removed. Well 'sealed' in the skin.

Apply to the neck every time

Some people often only apply lotion on the face and ignore the neck. In fact, the amount of oil secretion in the neck area is very small, and it needs to be supplemented with moisture and oil. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a skin care habit, every time you apply skin care products Extend the movement to the neck and apply the same skin care products to the face.


Select articles
The choice of lotion is also very important. Pour the lotion into your hand and add an appropriate amount of water. If the lotion is easy to mix with water, it means it is easy to wash, the texture of the lotion is soft, and it will not harm the skin.

(1) It can make general dry skin soft and smooth, and has the function of regulating moisture.

(2) The emulsion has good fluidity and stability at room temperature and can be analyzed without water.

(3) No sticky feeling, no influence on sweat excretion.

(4) Under the microscope, the particles are round and evenly distributed, and most of the particles are 2-4 microns in diameter.

(5) The aroma is pleasant, the color is white, and there is no irritation to human skin.


Precautions for use
(1) Some people are allergic to the ingredients and should be used with caution. Allergy testing can be done behind the ear.

(2) Most lotions have the effect of adding hormones to aging skin. Natural beauty is true beauty.


Technology
The composition of the emulsion is similar to the composition of the solid cream, except that the solid oil content is less. The former is less than the latter. In fact, it must be comprehensively considered in terms of performance, stability, safety and viscosity according to the characteristics of the required product. Choose a recipe. Among the main components, oily components include hydrocarbons or esters, higher alcohols, and fatty acids. Surfactants include fatty acid soaps and non-ionic active agents. Water-based components include purified water, low-carbon alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, and water-soluble polymer compounds.

The preparation technology of emulsions is generally more difficult than solid creams, because emulsions should have good fluidity and stability at the same time to avoid delamination during storage. Take the following measures to obtain a stable emulsion.

(1) Choose oil phase and water phase substances with similar density.

(2) Choosing a suitable emulsifier, such as selecting two or more emulsifiers with synergistic effect, is better than using one emulsifier alone.

(3) Add gum to increase continuous viscosity.

(4) Use a homogenizer.

(5) Adding polyethylene glycol (600) stearate, polyoxyethylene lanolin, and polyoxyethylene cholesteryl ether can increase the stability of the emulsion.

In order to avoid and reduce the phenomenon of emulsion and thickening, the amount of stearin and its derivatives or cetyl alcohol should not be large. In addition, Zengguo low viscosity white oil, oleyl alcohol or low melting point isomeric fatty acid esters can also be used. Reduce the thickening of emulsion.

Heat the polyethylene glycol to dissolve it with water, keep it at 70掳C (water phase) to mix the rest of the ingredients, heat to dissolve it, and keep it at 70掳C (oil phase). The oil phase is added to the water phase, emulsified, and emulsified in a homogenizer, and finally stirred and cooled to 30 degrees.

Formulation example 1% (weight): stearic acid 2.5, cetyl alcohol 1.5, petrolatum 5, liquid paraffin 10, polyoxyethylene (10) monooleate

2. Polyethylene glycol 1500 3. Triethanolamine water 1, refined water 74.5, perfume 0.5, preservative appropriate amount.

Formulation example 2,% (weight): stearic acid 1.5, cetyl alcohol 0.5, beeswax 2, polyoxyethylene (10) monooleate 1, glycerol monostearate 1, warm neck extract (5% aqueous solution) 20, Propylene Glycol 5, Ethanol 10, Refined Water 58.5, Fragrance 0.5, Dyes, UV Absorbers, and Preservatives.

Melt propylene glycol and dye in hot water and keep it at 70 degrees (water phase). Dissolve perfume and ultraviolet absorber in ethanol (alcohol phase). Mix other ingredients except the warm neck leachate, heat to dissolve, and maintain 70 degrees (oil phase). Add the oil phase to the water phase. After pre-emulsification, use a homogenizer to perform uniform emulsification. While stirring, add the alcohol phase and the warm neck extract, and finally stir and cool to 30 degrees.

Formulation 3,% (weight): microcrystalline paraffin wax 1, beeswax 2, lanolin 2, liquid paraffin 20, isotriacontane 10, sorbitan sesquioleate 4, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Alcohol monooleate 1, propylene glycol 7, refined water 53, appropriate amount of perfume, and appropriate amount of preservative.

Dissolve propylene glycol in hot water, keep at 70掳C (water phase), mix other ingredients, heat to dissolve, keep at 70掳C (oil phase). Under stirring, slowly add the water phase to the oil phase, emulsify with a homogenizer, and then stir and cool to 30 degrees.


Take a small amount of cream and put it in a spoon. You can heat it with an alcohol lamp or a candle. Products that meet the standards will be like the state formed by boiling milk, the taste will not change, and it will be more rich. If there is splashing, thick smoke, a choking smell during burning, and oily residue at the bottom of the spoon after burning, it means that the mineral oil exceeds the standard or is filled with boride.

Clean water test lotion

Pour the appropriate emulsion into the water. If the emulsion floats on the water, it is proved that it contains oily petroleum ester. If the liquid becomes milky white, it means that the emulsion contains an emulsifier. The emulsifier is a surface active agent. It will destroy the tissue structure of the skin, cause skin sensitivity, and has a strong carcinogenicity. On the contrary, if it is poured into water, the emulsion sinks to the bottom, which proves that it does not contain whetstone, and consumers can use it with peace of mind.

Silver ring to judge how much lead

When buying lipstick, put the lipstick sample on the back of your hand, then rub it with a silver ring, and observe the color change of the lipstick while grinding. The darkening of the lipstick indicates that the lipstick contains lead. The darker the black, the greater the lead content .

Iodine distinguishes antioxidant function

Pour some clear water in a transparent glassware, and add iodine to the water. The ratio of iodine to water is about 1:50. Shake well, put a little of the products to be tested, such as toner and facial cleanser, in it, and stir thoroughly. If the product is fully dissolved in the liquid and the water becomes clear and transparent, it indicates that it has an antioxidant function. If the water cannot be reduced or becomes black, it proves that the skin will continue to be oxidized by the air after using such skin care products, and it will be aggravated in severe cases. Oxidation.


the difference
1) First of all, in terms of appearance, the lotion is liquid, and the cream is cream;

2) Secondly, the texture of the lotion is thinner. The lotion of the same brand will feel more refreshing than the cream. Therefore, the lotion is more suitable for summer or oily skin, and the cream is thicker, suitable for dry season and medium-dry skin;

3) Once again, lotions generally absorb faster than creams, but they are not as moisturizing as creams;

4) Many brands have introduced repair creams that are used after the lotion. You can apply the lotion directly during the day, and apply a layer of the repair cream after the lotion at night to enhance the protection.

Unlike creams, lotions can penetrate into the skin quickly. The surface of the skin is stratum corneum cells, and some intercellular lipids are wrapped around the stratum corneum cells. These intercellular lipids determine the moisture of our skin. The water-oil ratio of the emulsion is closest to these intercellular lipids, so the conformability after application is very good.

The main ingredients of face creams are mostly cell activation ingredients, so most face creams have less moisturizing ingredients than lotions, and the amount of lotion used will definitely be more than that of creams, so the moisturizing ability of lotions is strong enough.

Generally speaking, the oil content in face cream is higher than lotion. Although products of different brands are different, the ratio of water to oil in lotion is more suitable for hydrating.


Benefits of using lotion
1>The texture of the lotion is refreshing. The same brand lotion will be more refreshing than the cream. So lotion is more suitable for summer or oily skin. The cream is thicker and suitable for dry season and medium-dry skin;

2>Emulsion generally absorbs faster than cream, but it is not as moisturizing as cream;

3> Many brands have launched a series of cream lotions. You can apply lotion directly during the day and apply cream at night to enhance the effect.

Industrial emulsion
Emulsified Polymer

The emulsified polymer is prepared by adding a surface active agent to a water-insoluble solution polymer, and an emulsion of the polymer is produced under high-speed stirring. This is the same as the principle of mixing oil and water. It can be made with any solution polymer (acrylic acid, alkyd, epoxy, ethylene, nitrocellulose). These types of polymers have a certain glass transition temperature (Tg), but because they do not contain solid particles, they do not have a minimum film forming temperature (MFFT).

Emulsion Polymerization

Take liquid monomer + water + initiator + surfactant to produce solid particles dispersed in water.

Generally called emulsion polymer or latex. They are actually polymer dispersions (solid in liquid). They have Tg and more importantly they have MFFT. The molecular weight of these polymers is extremely high (>2 million) and this is a big contributor to their performance. They are much tougher and more durable than their solution counterparts (molecular weights may be in the range of 100,000 or less). Changing the composition can obtain coatings with various properties similar to traditional solvent-based coatings.

For example, 100% acrylic-famous for their outstanding UV resistance and excellent long-term durability;

Styrene/Acrylic-famous for their water and alkali resistance;

Epoxy resins-famous for their toughness, corrosion resistance and chemical resistance;

Polyurethane coatings-famous for their durability and chemical resistance.

Emulsion polymers have been everywhere for almost 50 years, and they are known for their use in construction. However, until the 1980s, emulsion polymers were not effectively used for metal corrosion protection.

In 1984, a water-based system was dedicated to some paint projects in the Philadelphia factory. Figure 1 shows the aerial photos of the plant and some scenes using the water-based system. The exterior painting of some engineering projects of the plant lasted from early spring to late autumn. None of the exterior painting is done in winter (December to February). In this way, the painting season still contains various painting conditions. Waterborne acrylic maintenance paints help paint companies to meet their customers' requirements for low volatile organic compounds, waste disposal, and some hygiene and safety regulations. This point of view has been continuously improved with the good performance of the acrylic water-based maintenance topcoat in the field.

The superior color retention of acrylic topcoats is a feature that has gained commercial interest in many aspects of the coating industry. Acrylic car topcoat is a good example. The excellent durability of acrylic has a significant impact on the coatings business. This new water-based acrylic polymer may form a special coating that integrates protection and decoration in the coating industry. Figure 2 shows the outdoor exposure results of some test panels exposed to an aggressive marine environment.

The green solution-based vinyl topcoat has obvious color fading compared with the green water-based acrylic topcoat. The system composed entirely of water-based primer/water-based topcoat also provides good metal protection.