Introduction of cosmetic glass bottle

China has had cosmetic glass bottles since ancient times. In the past, scholars thought that glass ware was very rare in ancient times, so only a few ruling classes could have and use it. However, recent studies suggest that the production and manufacture of ancient glassware are not difficult, but it is not easy to preserve, so it is rare in later generations. Cosmetic glass bottle is a traditional beverage packaging container in China, and glass is also a kind of packaging material with a long history. In the case of many kinds of packaging materials pouring into the market, glass container still occupies an important position in cosmetics packaging, which is inseparable from its packaging characteristics which can not be replaced by other packaging materials.

Cosmetic glass bottle recycling cosmetic glass bottles are increasing every year, but the amount of recycling is huge and inestimable.

According to the glass packaging Association, recycling the energy saved by a cosmetic glass bottle can make a 100 watt light bulb light up for about four hours, make a computer run for 30 minutes, and watch TV programs for 20 minutes. Therefore, recycling glass is of great significance.

The recycling of cosmetic glass bottles can save energy, reduce the garbage capacity of landfills, and provide more raw materials for other products, including cosmetic glass bottles. According to the national consumer plastic bottle report of the chemical products Council of the United States, about 2.5 billion pounds of plastic bottles were recycled in 2009, with a recovery rate of only 28%.

Spraying process:

The spray production line of cosmetic glass bottle generally consists of spray room, hanging chain and oven. There is also front water treatment for cosmetic glass bottles, and the problem of sewage discharge should be paid special attention to for cosmetic glass bottles. As for the spraying quality of cosmetic glass bottles, it is related to water treatment, surface cleaning of workpieces, electrical conductivity of hooks, air volume, powder spraying amount and the level of operators. It is suggested to choose the following methods for trial: pretreatment section

The pre-treatment section of cosmetic glass bottle spraying includes pre stripping, main stripping and surface adjustment. If it is in the north, the temperature of main stripping section should not be too low, so it needs heat preservation. Otherwise, the treatment effect is not ideal;

Preheating section

After the pretreatment, it will enter the preheating section, which generally takes 8 ~ 10 minutes. When the cosmetic glass bottle arrives at the powder spraying room, it is better to make the sprayed workpiece have a certain amount of waste heat, so as to increase the adhesion of powder foam;

Soot blowing purification section

Cleaning section of cosmetic glass bottle soot blowing

If the technological requirements of the sprayed workpiece are relatively high, this section is essential. Otherwise, if there is a lot of dust adsorbed on the workpiece, there will be a lot of particles on the surface of the processed workpiece, which will reduce the quality;

Drying section

This section should pay attention to the temperature and baking time. The powder is generally 180 ~ 200 degrees, which depends on the material of the workpiece. There are drying furnace from the powder room should not be too far, generally 6 meters is good.

Powder spraying section

The key point in this period is the technical problem of the duster. If you want to create good quality, it's worthwhile to hire a skilled duster.

The main characteristics of glass packaging containers are: non-toxic, tasteless; Transparent, beautiful, good barrier, airtight, rich and common raw materials, low price, and can be used repeatedly. It has the advantages of heat resistance, pressure resistance and cleaning resistance. It can be sterilized at high temperature and stored at low temperature. Because of its many advantages, it has become the preferred packaging material for cosmetics and skin care products such as lotion, cream, eye cream, body milk and so on.

71% of the world's cosmetics are filled in glass cosmetic bottles. China is also the country with the highest proportion of glass cosmetic bottles in the world, accounting for 55% of the world's glass cosmetic bottles, with more than 50 billion each year. Glass cosmetic bottles, as the mainstream packaging of cosmetics packaging, have gone through the great changes of cosmetic packaging in the past century, and still have a stable material structure and no pollution, The advantages of low price are favored by the cosmetics industry. "When enterprises want to have a beautiful appearance and give people a cool touch, the cosmetic glass bottle is the preferred packaging. Generally speaking, cosmetic glass bottle is still the usual packaging for cosmetic enterprises“ For cosmetics packaging has made a great contribution, most people love to use it.

The production process of cosmetic glass bottle mainly includes: ① raw material pre-processing. The bulk raw materials (quartz sand, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc.) are crushed to dry the wet raw materials, and the iron containing raw materials are removed to ensure the quality of glass. ② Batch preparation. ③ Melting. The glass batch is heated at high temperature (1550 ~ 1600 ℃) in the tank furnace or tank furnace to form uniform, bubble free liquid glass meeting the molding requirements. ④ Molding. Put the liquid glass into the mold to make the required shape of glass products, such as plates, various containers, etc. ⑤ Heat treatment. Through annealing, quenching and other processes, the internal stress, phase separation or crystallization of the glass can be eliminated or produced, and the structural state of the glass can be changed.

Advantages of glass packaging container in beverage packaging field

Glass packaging materials and containers have many advantages: 1. Glass materials have good barrier performance, which can prevent the invasion of oxygen and other gases to the contents, and prevent the volatile components of the contents from volatilizing to the atmosphere;

2. The cosmetic glass bottle can be used repeatedly to reduce the packaging cost;

3. Glass can easily change color and transparency;

4. Cosmetic glass bottles are safe and hygienic, have good corrosion resistance and acid resistance, and are suitable for packaging acidic substances (such as vegetable juice drinks, etc.);

5. In addition, as cosmetic glass bottles are suitable for the production of automatic filling production line, the development of automatic filling technology and equipment for cosmetic glass bottles in China is also relatively mature, and the packaging of fruit and vegetable juice drinks with cosmetic glass bottles has certain production advantages in China.

First of all, we need to design and manufacture the mold. Quartz sand is the main raw material of glass, and other auxiliary materials dissolve into liquid at high temperature. Then they are injected into the mold, cooled, incised and tempered to form cosmetic glass bottles. Glass bottles generally have rigid marks, which are also made of mold shape. According to the production method, the forming of cosmetic glass bottle can be divided into three kinds: manual blowing, mechanical blowing and extrusion forming. Cosmetic glass bottles can be divided into the following types according to the composition: sodium glass, lead glass and borosilicate glass

The main raw materials of cosmetic glass bottle are natural ore, quartzite, caustic soda, limestone, etc. Cosmetic glass bottle has high transparency and corrosion resistance, and the material properties will not change when contacting with most chemicals. Its manufacturing process is simple, modeling is free and changeable, hardness is large, heat-resistant, clean, easy to clean, and can be used repeatedly. As a packaging material, cosmetic glass bottles are widely used in food, oil, wine, beverage, condiment, cosmetics and liquid chemical products. However, cosmetic glass bottle also has its disadvantages, such as heavy weight, high transportation and storage costs, impact resistance and so on.

Characteristics and types of cosmetic glass bottles: cosmetic glass bottles are the main packaging containers for food, medicine and chemical industries. They have good chemical stability; Easy to seal, good air tightness, transparent, can be seen from the outside of the container; Good storage performance; The surface is smooth, easy to disinfect; Beautiful shape, rich and colorful decoration; It has certain mechanical strength and can bear the pressure inside the bottle and the external force during transportation; It has the advantages of wide distribution of raw materials and low price. Its disadvantages are large mass (mass to capacity ratio), brittleness and fragility. However, with the new technology of thin-wall and light weight and physical and chemical tempering, these shortcomings have been significantly improved, so the production of cosmetic glass bottles can increase year by year under the fierce competition with plastics, tins and cans.

There are many kinds of cosmetic glass bottles, ranging from small bottles with a capacity of 1ml to large bottles with a capacity of more than ten liters, from round, square, shaped and handled bottles, from colorless and transparent amber, green, blue and black shading bottles and opaque opaque opaque cosmetic glass bottles. In terms of manufacturing process, cosmetic glass bottles are generally divided into two categories: molded bottles (using model bottles) and control bottles (using glass control bottles). Moulded bottles are divided into two types: large mouth bottles (with a diameter of more than 30mm) and small mouth bottles. The former is used to hold powder, block and paste articles, while the latter is used to hold liquid. According to the form of bottle mouth, it can be divided into cork bottle mouth, screw bottle mouth, cap bottle mouth, rolling bottle mouth, frosted bottle mouth, etc. According to the use situation, it can be divided into "disposable bottles" that are used once, that is, discarded and "recycled bottles" that are used repeatedly.

Characteristics of cosmetic glass bottle standard

The standard of cosmetic glass bottle is an important branch of drug packaging material standard system. Because cosmetic glass bottles have to contact with drugs directly, and some of them need to be stored for a long time, the quality of cosmetic glass bottles is directly related to the quality of drugs, and involves the health and safety of people. Therefore, the standard of cosmetic glass bottle has special and strict requirements

It is more systematic and comprehensive, enhances the selectivity of product standards, and overcomes the lag of standards to products

The principle of different standards for the same product according to different materials determined by the new standard greatly expands the coverage of the standard, enhances the applicability and selectivity of various new drugs and special drugs for different glass materials and products with different properties, and changes the relative lag of general product standards for product development.

For example, among the eight cosmetic glass bottle products covered by the new standard, each product is divided into three categories according to material and performance. The first category is borosilicate glass, the second category is low borosilicate glass, and the third category is soda lime glass. Although a certain kind of product of a certain kind of material has not been produced yet, the standard of this kind of product has been issued, which solves the lag problem of standard setting after the product is produced. All kinds of drugs of different grades, different properties, different uses and dosage forms have more flexible and larger choice space for all kinds of products and standards of different materials.

The definition of borosilicate glass and low borosilicate glass is clarified. According to the international standard ISO 4802.1-1988 "water resistance of internal surfaces of glassware and glass containers - Part 1: determination and classification by titration", borosilicate glass (including neutral glass) is defined as glass containing 5-13% boron trioxide (b-2o-3) (M / M), However, according to ISO 12775 "classification and test methods for glass composition in normal mass production" published in 1997, borosilicate glass (including neutral glass) contains more than 8% (M / M) boron trioxide (b-2o-3). According to the principle of classification of glass according to the 1997 international standard, the glass material of b-2o-36% (M / M) widely used in China's cosmetic glass bottle industry for many years should not be called borosilicate glass or neutral glass. The test shows that some of the water resistance tests of glass particle method and inner surface of this kind of material are not up to grade 1 and HC1, or between grade 1 and grade 2. Practice has also proved that some of this kind of glass will appear neutral disqualification or flake phenomenon in use, but this kind of glass has been used in China for many years. The new standard retains this kind of glass and stipulates that the content of b-2o-3 should meet the requirement of 5-8% (M / M). It clearly defines that this kind of glass can not be called borosilicate glass (or neutral glass), but low borosilicate glass.

It actively adopts ISO standards and integrates with international standards. The new standards fully refer to ISO standards and industrial standards and Pharmacopoeia of the United States, Germany, Japan and other advanced countries. Combined with the actual situation of China's cosmetic glass bottle industry, it achieves the integration with international standards in terms of glass types and glass materials.

Types of glass materials: there are four types of glass in the new standard, including 2 borosilicate glass types, including 3.3 borosilicate glass[ α=( 3. 3  ± 0. 1)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1)] and 5. 0 neutral glass[ α= ( 4~5)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1)], low borosilicate glass[ α= ( 6. 2~7. 5)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1)], soda lime glass[ α= ( 7. 6~9. 0)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1)] l, so there are four types of glass according to the material.

Because soda lime glass includes a large number of neutral surface treatment in the actual production and application, it can be divided into five types according to the products. The above four types of glass and five kinds of glass products include international standards, USP and China's unique types of cosmetic glass bottles. In addition, among the eight types of products covered by the standard, only ampoules have two standards, borosilicate glass ampoules and low borosilicate glass ampoules, while there is only one standard in borosilicate glass ampoules α= ( 4~5)  × 5.0 borosilicate glass at 10 (- 6) K (- 1) without α= ( 3. 3  ± 0. 1)  × 3.3 borosilicate glass of 10 (- 6) K (- 1) is mainly because there is no such product in the world, and the softening point of 3.3 borosilicate glass is high, which makes it difficult to seal ampoules. In fact, there is only one 5.0 borosilicate glass ampoule in the international standard, but there is no 3.3 borosilicate glass ampoule and soda lime glass ampoule. As for the special low borosilicate glass ampoule in China, 5.0 borosilicate glass ampoule has not yet formed a specific period of large-scale stable production due to various reasons, so it can only be used as a transitional product. Finally, it is necessary to limit the use of low borosilicate glass ampoule, develop 5.0 borosilicate glass ampoule, and realize the full integration with international standards and products as soon as possible.

Performance of glass material: coefficient of thermal expansion specified in the new standard α， 3. 3 borosilicate glass and 5. 0 borosilicate glass are completely consistent with international standards. Low borosilicate glass is unique to China, and there is no such material product in international standards. Soda lime glass is ISO standard α= ( 8~10)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1) α= ( 7. 6~9. 0)  × 10 (- 6) K (- 1). In the new standard, the chemical properties of 3.3 borosilicate glass, 5.0 borosilicate glass and soda lime glass at 121 ℃ are consistent with the international standard. In addition, the content of boron oxide (b-2o-3) in the above three types of glass is fully in line with international standards.

Performance of glass products: the indexes of water resistance, thermal shock resistance and internal pressure resistance of the inner surface specified in the new standard are consistent with the international standard. According to ISO standard, the internal stress index of ampoules is 50nm / mm, and that of other products is 40nm / mm. However, the new standard stipulates that all ampoules are 40nm / mm, so the internal stress index of ampoules is slightly higher than that of ISO standard.

Application of cosmetic glass bottle standard

All kinds of products and different materials form a crisscross standardization system, which provides sufficient basis and conditions for the selection of scientific, reasonable and appropriate glass containers for all kinds of drugs. The following principles should be followed in the selection and application of cosmetic glass bottles with different dosage forms, different properties and different grades of drugs:

chemical stability

Principle of good and suitable chemical stability

The glass container used to hold all kinds of drugs should have good compatibility with drugs, that is, to ensure that the instability of the chemical properties of the glass container and the chemical reaction between some substances in the glass container can not lead to the variation or failure of drugs in the production, storage and use of drugs. For example, glass containers made of borosilicate glass must be selected for high-grade drugs such as blood preparations and vaccines. Glass containers made of borosilicate glass should also be selected for all kinds of water injection preparations with strong acids and bases, especially for water injection preparations with strong bases. Low borosilicate glass ampoules, which are widely used in China, are not suitable for water injection preparations. This kind of glass material should be gradually transferred to 5.0 glass material, so as to be in line with international standards as soon as possible, and ensure that the drugs contained in the ampoules will not take off pieces, turbid or deteriorated in use.

Low borosilicate glass or soda lime glass after neutralization treatment can still meet the requirements of chemical stability for general powder injection, oral administration and infusion. The degree of erosion of drugs to glass is generally that liquid is greater than solid, alkaline is greater than acid, especially the strong alkaline water injection has higher requirements on the chemical properties of cosmetic glass bottles.

Resistance to heat shock

Good and suitable temperature resistance

The process of high temperature drying, disinfection and sterilization or low temperature freeze-drying should be carried out in the production of different dosage forms of drugs, which requires the glass container to have a good and appropriate ability to resist the drastic change of temperature without cracking. The lower the coefficient of thermal expansion, the stronger the resistance to temperature change. For example, 3.3 borosilicate glass or 5.0 borosilicate glass should be used in many high-grade vaccine preparations, biological preparations and lyophilized preparations. When the domestic mass-produced low borosilicate glass experiences the drastic change of large temperature difference, it is often prone to crack and bottle bottom falling. The 3.3 borosilicate glass in China has been greatly developed. This kind of glass is especially suitable for lyophilized preparation because its temperature resistance is better than that of 5.0 borosilicate glass.

mechanical strength

Good and suitable mechanical strength

Different dosage forms of drugs need to withstand certain mechanical impact in the process of production, transportation, loading and unloading. The mechanical strength of cosmetic glass bottle container is related to the bottle type, geometric size, heat treatment, etc. Besides, the glass material also has a certain influence on its mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of borosilicate glass is better than that of soda lime glass.

The promulgation and implementation of the new standard for cosmetic glass bottles will play a positive role in establishing a perfect and scientific standardization system, speeding up the pace of integrating with international standards and the international market, improving the quality of drug packaging materials, ensuring the quality of drugs, promoting the development of the industry and international trade. Of course, like the whole drug packaging material standard system, there are still many problems that need to be further improved, improved and perfected, especially to adapt to the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry and the requirements of international market integration. The compilation, contents and indicators of the standards, the adoption of international standards and the degree of integration with the international market all need to be appropriately adjusted and supplemented during the revision.

Test standard for cosmetic glass bottles and cans:

Stress test method for cosmetic glass bottles and cans: ASTM C 148-2000 (2006)

Energy saving and environmental protection

In the past ten years, the practice of this technology in glass furnace all over the world shows that the oxy fuel combustion technology has obvious advantages of low investment, low energy consumption and low pollutant emission. In the United States and Europe, lightweight bottles and cans have become the leading products of cosmetic glass bottles and cans. Small mouth pressure blow technology (nnpb), cold and hot end spraying technology of bottles and cans are all advanced technologies of lightweight production.

In our daily life, glass bottles of cosmetics can be seen everywhere. Whether it is drinks, drugs, cosmetics and so on, cosmetic glass bottles are their good partners. These cosmetic glass bottles, because of their transparent beauty, good chemical stability, no pollution to the contents, can be heated at high temperature, old bottles can be recycled, etc., have been considered as the best packaging materials.