Glass is how to do?

Glass is how to produce? Glass production process include: ingredients, melting, forming, annealing, etc. Ingredients, according to the designed material Fang Chan, after weighing all kinds of raw materials mixing in a mixer. The main raw material of glass are: quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, boric acid, etc. Melted, the high-temperature heating, with good materials to form homogeneous glass without bubbles. This is a very complex physical and chemical reaction process. Melted in the melting furnace of glass. Furnace mainly has two types: one is a crucible furnace, glass material is filled in the crucible, heating on the outside of the crucible. Small only put a crucible crucible kiln, can be more big to 20 crucible. Crucible furnace is a batch production, now only optical glass and color glass USES the crucible kiln production. Is another kind of tank furnace, glass material in YaoChi melted, flame of heating on the surface of the glass. Most of the glass temperature of the melted in 1300 ~ 1600 ゜ c. Most use flame heating, heating, also with a small amount of current is called the electric furnace. Now, tank furnace is continuous production, small pool kiln can be a few meters, big can be big to more than 400 m 2. Forming, is a good glass melted into a fixed shape of solid products. Forming must be carried out in a certain temperature range, it is a cooling process, the glass first by the viscous liquid into a plastic state, and then into a brittle solid state. Forming methods could be divided into two types: artificial forming and mechanical forming. Human shape. Have again, 1) Blowing, with a nickel-chromium alloy blowpipe, pick a glass in the mold in turn while blowing. Mainly used for forming glass bulb, bottle, ball ( Row lens with) And so on. （ 2) Control, after blowing into vesicles, in particular of the other workers stick, two people blow while mainly used to make a glass tube or bar. （ 3) Pressing, pick a ball of glass, with scissors cut makes it fall into the concave die, with a punch press. Mainly used for forming cup, tray, etc. （ 4) Free forming, carry with forceps, scissors, tweezers, etc after material tools directly into arts and crafts. Mechanical forming. The intensity of labor is big, because artificial forming temperature is high, the condition is poor, so, in addition to the free forming, most have been replaced by mechanical forming. In addition to suppress, blowing and drawing mechanical forming, and ( 1) Rolling method to produce thick flat glass, patterned glass, glass clip wire, etc. （ 2) Casting and production of optical glass. （ 3) The centrifugal casting method, used in the manufacture of large diameter glass tube reaction pot, utensils, and large capacity. This is glass melt injection mold in high speed rotation, due to centrifugal force close to the glass mold wall, rotating continue until glass hardening. （ 4) Sintering process, for the production of foam glass. Adding foaming agent, it is in the glass powder in a covered metal mould heating, formed in the process of heating glass many silent bubble it is a kind of very good thermal insulation, sound insulation material. In addition, the forming of flat glass is vertical, between and float upward. Float is to make the glass flow floating in the molten metal, Tin) The method of flat glass is formed on the surface, its main advantages are high quality glass ( Smooth, bright and clean) Pull speed, large output. Annealing, glass after forming into withstood intense temperature change and shape change, this change left the thermal stress in the glass. The thermal stress can reduce the glass strength and thermal stability. If direct cooling, probably in the process of cooling or later in the process of storage, transportation and use their own rupture ( Commonly known as a glass of cold) 。 In order to eliminate the phenomenon of cold explosion, the glass must be annealing after forming. Annealing is in a certain temperature range insulation or slow cooling for a period of time in order to eliminate or reduce the thermal stress in glass to the allowable values.

in addition, some glass products in order to increase its strength, players can be processed. Includes: physical players ( Quenching) For thicker glass, desktop glass, car windshields, etc; And chemical players ( Ion exchange) To watch table, aviation, etc. The principle of players is produced in the glass surface compressive stress, in order to increase its strength.